Which of the following best summarises the passage?

The passage argues that shadow education disguises exam training as analysis, dismantling creativity and delaying reform.

The passage argues that tutoring conglomerates exploit competitive anxiety by camouflaging rote instruction as analytical learning.

The passage argues that shadow education standardizes complex thought and rebrands drilling as analysis, suppressing intellectual curiosity.

The passage argues that shadow education thrives on anxiety and replaces reflection with routines that narrow curiosity.